What defines an Addiction?
An addiction is a complex and chronic condition characterized by a compulsive need for a substance or behavior, despite harmful consequences. It often involves a loss of control over the use of the substance or engagement in the behavior, leading to negative impacts on various aspects of a person's life, including physical health, mental well-being, relationships, work, and overall functioning.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which is widely used by mental health professionals, outlines criteria for diagnosing substance use disorders, which are a type of addiction. The criteria include factors such as:
1.) Impaired Control: The person consumes more of the substance or engages in the behavior for longer periods than intended, or they have a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use.
2.) Social Impairment: The person's use of the substance or behavior causes social or interpersonal problems, such as neglecting important responsibilities or engaging in conflicts.
3.) Risky Use: The person uses the substance or engages in the behavior in situations where it's physically hazardous, such as while driving or operating machinery.
4.) Tolerance: The person requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effects or experiences reduced effects with the same amount.
5.) Withdrawal: The person experiences physical or psychological withdrawal symptoms when attempting to reduce or stop use.
6.) Time Spent: A significant amount of time is spent obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance or behavior.
7.) Reduced Activities: The person reduces or gives up important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to substance use.
8.) Unsuccessful Quitting Attempts: The person has tried unsuccessfully to cut down or control use.
9.) Continued Use Despite Problems: The person continues to use the substance or engage in the behavior despite being aware of its harmful physical or psychological effects.
It's important to note that addiction can apply to various substances (such as drugs, alcohol, or nicotine) or behaviors (such as gambling, gaming, or internet use). If you're wondering whether you or someone you love has an addiction, it's best to begin by assessing behaviors using the criteria mentioned above. If you find that you/they meet several of these criteria and are experiencing negative consequences as a result of substance use or behavior, it might be indicative of an addiction.
If you suspect a possible addiction, it's advisable to seek professional help from a medical or mental health provider who specializes in addiction. They can provide an accurate assessment, guidance, and appropriate treatment options tailored to your specific situation.
